In industrialized countries, regardless of patient population and sample size, Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis has been reported at frequencies of 0% to 10% ( 17, 18).Īeromonas diarrhea presents as either an acute watery diarrhea (enteritis) or as a more invasive bloody form resembling dysentery or enterocolitis ( 17). In developing countries where sanitary conditions are substandard, the reported incidence of Aeromonas diarrhea can be high, ranging from approximately 4% to 22% ( 13 – 16). The incidence of Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis on a global basis varies dramatically in association with geographic and socioeconomic factors. as accepted enteropathogens, although there still are no bona fide outbreaks of gastroenteritis attributable to this genus ( 11, 12). Most authoritative documents list Aeromonas spp.
are not considered to be normal gastrointestinal flora, and the estimated human intestinal carrier/colonization rate is extremely low in healthy persons. Consumption of contaminated foods or potable water or accidental ingestion of untreated water during recreation are the most common sources of infection. Consumable products such as poultry, lamb, veal, pork, and ground beef can harbor Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats, and concentrations peak when water temperatures rise substantially during the summer months. Over 26 different species of Aeromonas have been described to date, but the vast majority of these are of limited clinical or public health significance. The IDSA similarly recommends that stool cultures be performed for a patient with diarrhea for >1 day, fever, dehydration, systemic illness, bloody stools, or a clinical history that would include bacterial pathogens in the differential diagnosis ( 3). Diarrheal disease in children aged 14 days, but 38.5☌, bloody diarrhea, or the presence of stool leukocytes, lactoferrin, or occult blood ( 6). The burden of diarrheal disease is most critical in developing countries, facilitated by unsafe water supplies, poor sanitation, and nutritional deficiencies. Over 1.7 billion global cases of diarrheal disease are reported annually ( ) and are associated with an estimated 2.2 million deaths. Miller, Cumitech 12A, Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea, 1992).
#JJ HO CAFE INTERNATIONAL NEWPORT UPDATE#
This article is an update of Cumitech 12A (P. Information regarding optimal specimen collection, transport, and processing and current diagnostic tests and testing algorithms is provided. The general characteristics, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of key bacterial enteropathogens are summarized.
This article provides guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories that perform stool cultures. Importantly, characterization of bacterial enteropathogens from stool cultures in clinical laboratories is one of the primary means by which public health officials identify and track outbreaks of bacterial gastroenteritis. While for the most part bacterial gastroenteritis is self-limiting, identification of an etiological agent by bacterial stool culture is required for the management of patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea, symptoms consistent with invasive disease, or a history that may predict a complicated course of disease. Bacterial gastroenteritis is a disease that is pervasive in both the developing and developed worlds.
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